English Language Arts
Grade 10
15 min
Use in-text citations with MLA formatting
Use in-text citations with MLA formatting
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Introduction & Learning Objectives
Learning Objectives
Correctly format a standard MLA in-text citation for a source with a known author and page number.
Differentiate between and correctly use a signal phrase and a parenthetical citation.
Format an in-text citation for sources without a known author or page number.
Integrate quotations and paraphrases into their own writing using proper citation.
Correctly place punctuation in sentences containing in-text citations.
Explain the connection between an in-text citation and its corresponding entry on the Works Cited page.
Have you ever shared a friend's amazing story and made sure to say, 'This happened to my friend, Sarah'? Giving credit is natural, and in academic writing, it's a superpower! 🦸♀️
This tutorial will teach you how to use ML...
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Key Concepts & Vocabulary
TermDefinitionExample
In-Text CitationA brief reference within your text that indicates the source of a specific piece of information, such as a quote or a paraphrased idea.One scholar notes that 'the world is a stage' (Shakespeare 112).
Parenthetical CitationThe most common type of in-text citation, where source information (like the author's last name and page number) is placed in parentheses at the end of a sentence.The character's downfall was his own ambition (Miller 45).
Signal PhraseA phrase that introduces a quote, paraphrase, or summary. It often includes the author's name, and sometimes their credentials, to signal that the information to follow comes from a source.Literary critic Harold Bloom argues that...
Works Cited PageA separate page at the end of...
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Key Rules & Conventions
The Author-Page Format
(Author's Last Name Page Number)
This is the standard MLA format. Use the author's last name and the page number where the information was found. There is no comma between the name and the number.
Citing a Source with No Author
("Shortened Title of Work" Page Number)
When a source has no known author, use a shortened, capitalized version of the work's title in quotation marks, followed by the page number (if available). The title should be the first thing that appears in the Works Cited entry.
Punctuation with In-Text Citations
Place the parenthetical citation *before* the sentence's final punctuation mark.
The sentence's period, question mark, or exclamation point goes *after* the closing parenthesis of the c...
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Challenging
A student cites a source as (Smith 42). They then cite a different source as ("The Dangers of Haste" 112). What is the most logical reason for the difference in the citation formats?
A.The first source is a book and the second is a web article.
B.The student made an error; all citations should follow the (Author Page) format.
C.The source for the first citation has a known author (Smith), while the source for the second citation has no known author.
D.The first source was a direct quote, and the second was a paraphrase.
Challenging
A student writes: 'The narrator in the story is unreliable, which is evident when he says, 'I am not mad' (Poe).' The source is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe from a book with page numbers. Why is this citation technically incomplete according to MLA standards?
A.The author's full name, Edgar Allan Poe, should be used.
B.The title of the short story must be included in the citation.
C.page number is required for a print source, even if the author is named in a signal phrase.
D.page number is missing, which is essential for locating the quote in a print source.
Challenging
Consider these two correct sentences:
1. Orwell states that the pigs justify their actions by claiming 'all animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others' (90).
2. The pigs justify their actions by claiming 'all animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others' (Orwell 90).
From a writing perspective, what is the primary rhetorical advantage of using the signal phrase in Sentence 1?
A.It is the only way to correctly cite a source without a page number.
B.It lends authorial authority to the statement before the reader encounters the quote.
C.It reduces the word count of the sentence.
D.It is required for paraphrased ideas but optional for direct quotes.
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