Mathematics
Grade 3
15 min
Multiplication facts up to 12: select the missing factors
Multiplication facts up to 12: select the missing factors
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1
Introduction & Learning Objectives
Learning Objectives
Identify the missing factor in a multiplication equation where the product is 144 or less.
Use related division facts to find a missing factor.
Use skip-counting as a strategy to determine an unknown factor.
Explain the relationship between factors and products in a multiplication sentence.
Solve word problems that require finding a missing factor.
Verify their answer by multiplying the two factors to get the product.
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In this lesson, you will become a multiplication detective! You will learn how to find the 'mystery number,' or missing factor, in a multiplication problem. T...
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Key Concepts & Vocabulary
TermDefinitionExample
FactorA number that is multiplied by another number to get a product.In the equation 3 × 7 = 21, the numbers 3 and 7 are both factors.
ProductThe answer you get when you multiply two or more numbers together.In the equation 3 × 7 = 21, the number 21 is the product.
Multiplication EquationA number sentence that shows two or more factors being multiplied to get a product.8 × 5 = 40 is a multiplication equation.
Missing FactorThe unknown number in a multiplication equation that you need to find.In the equation ? × 4 = 20, the question mark represents the missing factor.
Related Facts (Fact Family)A set of multiplication and division equations that use the same three numbers.For the numbers 5, 6, and 30, the related facts are 5 × 6 = 30, 6 × 5 = 30, 30 ÷ 5 = 6, and 30 ÷...
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Core Formulas
The Basic Multiplication Formula
Factor_1 \times Factor_2 = Product
This is the standard structure of a multiplication equation. To find a missing factor, you need to figure out what number completes this equation.
Finding a Missing Factor with Division
Product \div Known\ Factor = Missing\ Factor
Division is the inverse (opposite) of multiplication. If you know the product and one factor, you can divide the product by the known factor to find the missing one.
Commutative Property of Multiplication
a \times b = b \times a
This rule means you can switch the order of the factors and the product will stay the same. This is helpful because if you know 7 × 8, you also know 8 × 7.
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Challenging
Sara has 72 stickers. She gives 12 stickers to her brother. She then puts the rest of the stickers equally onto 10 pages of her album. Which number is the missing factor that shows how many stickers are on each page? (10 × ___ = ?)
A.6
B.7
C.8
D.10
Challenging
Look at the pattern of equations:
3 × ___ = 12
4 × ___ = 16
5 × ___ = 20
What is the missing factor in all three equations?
A.3
B.4
C.5
D.The factor changes each time
Challenging
I am a missing factor. When you multiply me by 12, the product is greater than 100 but less than 120. The product is an even number. What number am I?
A.8
B.9
C.10
D.11
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