Les Citations et les Références (Citations and References)

Learning ObjectivesCorrectly use direct quotes and paraphrases in your writing.Understand the purpose and key parts of academic references.Explain why a bibliography is important and learn how to create one.Use the right verbs and sentence structures to introduce your sources.Imagine you're writing a big history paper. 📝 You've found some amazing articles, but how do you use that information without just copying? That's where citations and references come in! They are the key to building a strong, believable argument. 🗝️Real-World UsesWriting essays, theses, and research reports for college or university.Avoiding plagiarism and respecting the work of other authors.Making your own arguments more credible by backing them up with reliable sources.Participating in educated debates by referrin...

French TermWhat it MeansExample in a SentenceCitation (Quote) [see-tah-SYOHN]Using someone's exact words from a text, placed inside quotation marks.The author states: « Le changement climatique est un enjeu primordial. » (Climate change is a primary issue.)Référence (Reference) [ray-fay-RAHNS]All the information (author, title, date) that helps you find a source.The complete référence (reference) [ray-fay-RAHNS] is in the bibliography at the end of the document.Bibliographie (Bibliography) [beeb-lyoh-grah-FEE]An alphabetical list of all the sources you looked at and mentioned in your work.Make sure every source you cite in your text appears in the bibliographie (bibliography) [beeb-lyoh-grah-FEE].Paraphraser (To paraphrase) [pah-rah-frah-ZAY]To restate an author's idea in your own words, w...

1. Using Indirect Speech to Introduce a SourceTo bring in another author's ideas, you'll often use introductory verbs followed by que (that) [kuh]. This is a direct use of indirect speech.Rule: Introductory verb (like to state, to highlight, to claim, etc.) + que (that) [kuh] + the reported idea.Example: The historian Jean Martin affirme que (states that) [ah-FEERM kuh] the Quiet Revolution profoundly changed Quebec society.2. The Pronoun 'Dont' to Connect IdeasThe pronoun dont (of which / whose) [dohn] is very useful for smoothly connecting a source to its content. It replaces phrases like 'de qui' (of whom) or 'de quoi' (of what).Rule: ... the book/the study/the author + dont (of which / whose) [dohn] + the subject.Example: Here is the study dont (whose) [dohn] results surprised the scie...