Computer Science
Grade 6
20 min
Game Networking: Client-Server and Peer-to-Peer Architectures
Learn about game networking, including client-server and peer-to-peer architectures, and how to implement multiplayer games.
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1
Introduction & Learning Objectives
Learning Objectives
Define the terms 'client', 'server', and 'peer' in the context of online games.
Draw a simple diagram showing how information flows in a Client-Server model.
Draw a simple diagram showing how information flows in a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) model.
List two advantages and two disadvantages for both Client-Server and P2P architectures.
Explain which model is better suited for a large-scale game versus a small, private game.
Predict what happens if a server or a host player disconnects from a game.
Ever wonder how you can play a game like 'Among Us' or 'Minecraft' with friends all over the world? 🎮 Let's uncover the secret messages computers send to make it happen!
In this lesson, we'll explore the two m...
2
Key Concepts & Vocabulary
TermDefinitionExample
NetworkA group of connected computers that can share information with each other. For games, this is usually the internet.When you play a game on your tablet with a friend on their laptop, both devices are connected to the internet network to talk to each other.
ClientA player's computer, console, or phone in the game network. A client has to ask a central server for information about the game.Think of yourself in a library. You are the 'client' asking the librarian (the server) where to find a book.
ServerA powerful, central computer that runs the game and has all the official information. It tells all the clients what is happening.In a huge game like 'Fortnite', a server run by the game company keeps track of every player's location, h...
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Core Syntax & Patterns
The Client-Server Rule (The Librarian)
1. Client sends its action (e.g., 'I moved forward') to the Server.
2. Server checks the action and updates the main game world.
3. Server sends the updated game world back to ALL clients.
Use this model when you need one single source of truth, like in a big game with many players. The server is the boss and prevents cheating.
The Peer-to-Peer Rule (The Group Chat)
1. A Peer sends its action (e.g., 'I threw a punch') to every other Peer.
2. Every Peer receives the message and updates their own version of the game.
Use this model for small games with few players (usually 2-8). It can be faster because there's no middleman (server), but it relies on everyone's internet connection being good.
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Challenging
A small startup company wants to create a 4-player cooperative game where friends explore a cave together. The company has a very small budget. Which model is the most logical choice and why?
A.Peer-to-Peer, because it doesn't require the company to buy and maintain an expensive server.
B.Client-Server, because it's the only way to make sure the 4 players stay synchronized.
C.Client-Server, because it can handle a small number of players more efficiently.
D.Peer-to-Peer, because it is more secure and prevents players from cheating their friends.
Challenging
In a Client-Server game, Player A has a very laggy connection, while Player B has a perfect connection. They both see each other and shoot at the exact same time on their own screens. Who determines which shot is registered first?
A.Player B, because their connection is faster.
B.The Server, based on which player's 'shoot' command it receives first.
C.Player A, because the game gives an advantage to laggy players.
D.Whoever has the more powerful computer.
Challenging
In a 'pure' P2P game (with no host), it's possible for Player 1's screen to show they won, while Player 2's screen shows a draw. Why can this 'desync' happen in P2P but is very unlikely in Client-Server?
A.Because P2P games are programmed with more bugs.
B.Because Client-Server games run at a faster speed.
C.Because in P2P, each peer decides the game's outcome on its own, and tiny delays can make them disagree. A server provides one final decision for everyone.
D.Because players in P2P games can edit the game code to make themselves win.
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